PSG has now claimed the prestigious trophy on 14 separate occasions.
The Parisian giants required a stoppage-time equaliser followed by a perfect penalty shootout to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a fourth straight French Super Cup title.
The European champions appeared to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the Ligue 1 champions and the French Cup winners after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side struck twice late to seize a surprise lead. First, Mason Greenwood scored from the penalty spot, before the defender unfortunately directed the ball into his own net for an own goal.
In a breathtaking turn of events, Goncalo Ramos grabbed a crucial equaliser in the final seconds to force the match into a penalty shootout. PSG goalkeeper Chevalier then emerged as the hero, saving crucial kicks from O'Riley and Hamed Traore.
In the shootout, Goncalo Ramos, the midfielder, the full-back, and Desire Doue all converted with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to seal a convincing shootout victory.
Now 14-time champions Paris Saint-Germain, who met last season's Ligue 1 runners-up Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now lifted this competition for the 12th time in the last thirteen seasons.